Mediterranean diet and antihypertensive drug use: a randomized controlled trial
Author
Publication date
2021-06Abstract
Objective:
To examine in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk whether following a Mediterranean diet decreased the necessity of antihypertensive drugs and modulated their associated cardiovascular risk.
Methods:
In the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study, we assessed whether volunteers randomly allocated to an intervention with a Mediterranean diet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts (relative to a low-fat control diet) disclosed differences in the risk of: initiating antihypertensive medication in nonusers at baseline (n = 2188); and escalating therapy in participants using one, two, or three drugs at baseline (n = 2361, n = 1579, and n = 554, respectively). We also assessed whether allocation to Mediterranean diet modified the association between antihypertensive drug use and incident cardiovascular events.
Results:
Participants allocated to Mediterranean diet interventions were associated with lower risk of initiating antihypertensive therapy [5-year incidence rates: 47.1% in the control diet, 43.0% in MedDiets; hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% CI (0.74--0.97), in a model adjusted for age, sex, and recruitment site]. Volunteers using two drugs at baseline in the Mediterranean diet intervention enriched with extra-virgin olive oil decreased their risk of therapy escalation [5-year incidence rates: 22.9% in the control diet, 20.1% in the MedDiet; hazard ratio = 0.77, 95% CI (0.60--0.99)]. Allocation to Mediterranean diet interventions attenuated the association between antihypertensive therapy at baseline and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (P interaction = 0.003).
Conclusion:
In an older population at high cardiovascular risk, following a Mediterranean diet reduced the risk of initiating or escalating antihypertensive medication and attenuated cardiovascular risk in antihypertensive drug users.
Document Type
Article
Document version
Accepted version
Language
English
Pages
7 p.
Publisher
Wolters Kluwer Health
Is part of
Journal of hypertension, 2021, 39(6): 1230-1237
Grant agreement number
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/ISCIII i COFB/CB06/03/0019
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/ISCIII i COFB/CB06/03/0028
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/ISCIII i COFB/CD17/00122
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SUR del DEC/SGR/2017-SGR-222
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SUR del DEC/SGR/2017-BP-00021
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Rights
© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Tots els drets reservats