Fuzzy Classification of the Maturity of the Orange (Citrus × sinensis) Using the Citrus Color Index (CCI)
Author
López, Adolfo R.
Padilla-Medina, José Alfredo
Barranco-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Israel
Other authors
Universitat Ramon Llull. IQS
Publication date
2024-07-08ISSN
2076-3417
Abstract
The orange (Citrus sinensis) is a fruit of the Citrus genus, which is part of the Rutaceae family. The orange has gained considerable importance due to its extensive range of applications, including the production of juices, jams, sweets, and extracts. The consumption of oranges confers several nutritional benefits, including flavonoids, vitamin C, potassium, beta-carotene, and dietary fiber. It is crucial to acknowledge that the primary quality criterion employed by consumers and producers is maturity, which is correlated with the visual quality associated with the color of the epicarp. This study proposes the implementation of a computer vision system that estimates the degree of ripeness of oranges Valencia using fuzzy logic (FL); the soluble solids content was determined by refractometry, while the firmness of the fruit was evaluated through the fruit firmness test. The proposed method was divided into five distinct steps. The initial stage involved the acquisition of RGB images. The second stage presents the segmentation of the fruit, which entails the removal of extraneous noise and backgrounds. The third and fourth steps involve determining the centroid of the fruit, and five regions of interest were obtained in the centroid of the fruit of the Citrus Color Index (CII), ranging from 3 × 3 to 11 × 11 pixels. Finally, in the fifth step, a model was created to estimate maturity, °Brix, and firmness using Matlab 2024 and the Fuzzy Logic Designer and Neuro-Fuzzy Designer applications. Consequently, a statistically significant correlation was established between maturity, degree Brix, and firmness, with a value greater than 0.9, using the Citrus Color Index (CII), which reflects the physical–chemical changes that occur in the orange.
Document Type
Article
Document version
Published version
Language
English
Subject (CDU)
5 - Natural Sciences
Keywords
Citrus Color Index (CII)
degree Brix
firmness
fuzzy logic (FL)
maturity
orange
Pages
18 p.
Publisher
MDPI
Is part of
Applied Sciences. 2024;14(13):5953-5971
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Rights
© L'autor/a
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/