Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the acute responses of the muscular activity of primary movers during bench press execution under asymmetric loads (25%, 50%, and 75%). Methods: The study included 30 resistance-trained males (n = 25, age = 22.73 ± 3.44 years, height= 1.77 ± 0.06 m, body mass= 76.77 ± 9.28 kg) and females (n = 5, age = 22.5 ± 1.19 years, height = 1.63 ± 0.04 m, body mass = 56.78 ± 2.90 kg). We assessed the two portions of the dominant pectoralis major, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and both external oblique peak activities (sEMG) during concentric and eccentric phases. We performed a repeated-measures design to establish the differences between muscle activity, barbell center of mass acceleration, and OMNI-Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise (OMNI-RES) in a bench press under seven different conditions. Results: The linear mixed model showed a significant fixed effect for exercise condition for muscles (p < 0.001) in the concentric and eccentric phases. We found significantly higher clavicularis (d = 0.54; d = 1.15) and sternalis (d = 0.38; d = 0.86) pectoralis major activation of the dominant side under high (50% and 75%), non-dominant-side, de-loaded conditions in the eccentric phase (p < 0.001), with large effects. Contralateral core muscles (external oblique) of the dominant and non-dominant sides were significantly (p < 0.001) highly activated under all asymmetric conditions in the concentric phase (from d = 0.89 to d = 2.30). Conclusions: The asymmetric load bench press provoked a higher pectoralis major activation on the loaded side when de-loading the other side. The contralateral external oblique doubles the muscle activity in the most asymmetric conditions.